Uses of Prevacid: Prevacid works by blocking production of acid in the stomach. This medication is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Prevacid is used to treat acid-related stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as GERD or acid reflux, ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, erosive esophagitis). Prevacid (Lansoprazole) may also be used to treat ulcers due to the long-term use of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) for pain or swelling. Prevacid also may be used in combination with antibiotics for treatment certain types of ulcers caused by bacterial infection.

Take Prevacid by mouth, usually before a meal once daily; or as directed by your pharmacist. Do not chew or crush the capsules. Swallow prevacid whole. If you have difficulty swallowing this medication whole, the capsule may be opened and its contents sprinkled onto soft food (such as yogurt, , cottage cheese or applesauce), or just empty a capsule into a small amount of juice and take as directed. Rinse the container with a small amount of juice and drink the contents to make sure the entire dose was taken. Do not chew the food/prevacid mixture or prepare a supply in advance; this may destroy the medication and/or increase prevacid’s side effects. Antacids may be taken along with this medication, if needed. The dosage and length of prevacid treatment is based on your medical condition and your response to therapy. Use Prevacid regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to use it at the same time every day. Dont’t stop taking prevacid for the prescribed length of treatment even if you are feeling better. Inform your pharmacist if your condition persists or worsens.

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Side Effects of Prevacid: Constipation or diarrhea may occur. If any of these prevacid side effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Report your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: stomach pain, signs of vitamin B-12 deficiency with long-term (over 3 years) treatment (e.g., sore tongue, unusual weakness, numbness or tingling of the hands/feet). A serious allergic reaction to prevacid is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: itching, rash,swelling, trouble breathing or dizziness. If you notice other side effects while using prevacid that are not listed above, contact your pharmacist.

Before taking prevacid (lansoprazole), tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to similar drugs (such as pantoprazole or omeprazole).

Before using prevacid, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: liver disease and other stomach problems (e.g., tumors). Some symptoms may actually be signs of a more serious condition. Report your doctor immediately if you have: heartburn combined with lightheadedness/dizziness/sweating, chest pain or shoulder/jaw pain, pain spreading to arms/shoulders/neck or even unexplained weight loss. Prevacid should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your pharmacist. It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Breast-feeding while using this drug is not recommended.

Prevacid Interactions: Prevacid should not be used with atazanavir because very serious interactions may occur. If you are currently using atazanavir, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting prevacid(lansoprazole). Before using prevacid, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: voriconazole, theophylline, cilostazol,warfarin.

Prevacid can decrease the effectiveness of certain medications which require stomach acid in order to be absorbed. Before using prevacid, consult your doctor or pharmacist on how to manage such a potential interaction if you are taking ampicillin, azole antifungals (like itraconazole or ketoconazole) or iron supplements.

Based on information for similar drugs, prevacid may increase the amount of digoxin that is absorbed into your blood. If you take digoxin, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist for details. Do not start or stop any drug without doctor or pharmacist approval.

If overdose of prevacid is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Do not share Prevacid with others. Laboratory and/or medical tests may be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for prevacid side effects.

If you miss a dose of prevacid, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule.

Do not double the dose of prevacid to catch up.

Store prevacid at room temperature (77 degrees F or 25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Brief storage between 59-86F (15-30C) is permitted.

Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all your medicines away from children and pets.

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Seroquel (Quetiapine fumarate) is an atypical antipsychotic used in the management of schizophrenia, bipolar I depression, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, and also used for a variety of other purposes, including anxiety disorders and insomnia.

Seroquel (quetiapine fumarate) is a psychotropic agent belonging to the dibenzothiazepine derivatives.
Seroquel is used for the treatment of schizophrenia. The efficacy of Seroquel in schizophrenia was established in three 6-week trials in adults and one 6-week trial in adolescents (from 13 to 17 years).

Common Seroquel Side Effects
Seroquel has been studied thoroughly in clinical trials. During these studies, the side effects that occur in a group of people that take the drug are documented and then they were compared to side effects that occur in another group of people that were not taking Seroquel.

In these surveys, the most common Seroquel side effects included:
1) Dry mouth – in 44 percent of people
2) Drowsiness – in 34 percent
3) High triglycerides – in 23 percent
4) Headaches – in 21 percent
5) Agitation – in 20 percent
6) Dizziness – in 18 percent
7) High cholesterol – in 16 percent
8 ) Weakness – in 10 percent
9) Constipation – in 10 percent
10) Fatigue – in 10 percent.

Some other common Seroquel side effects (occurring in less than 10 percent of people taking the Seroquel) included:
Vomiting, Lethargy , Back pain, Sore throat, Increased appetite, Shakiness (tremor), Fever, Indigestion or heartburn, Irritated or runny nose, Large or rapid weight gain, Rapid heart rate (tachycardia), Nasal congestion, Feelings of internal restless or jitteriness, Vision problems, Confusion, Suicidal thoughts, Abdominal pain (stomach pain), Sweating, Irregular pulse or blood pressure, weight gain, Dizziness, Stiff muscles, Hives, Wheezing, A high fever, Itching, An increased heart rate (tachycardia), Difficulty breathing or swallowing, Unexplained rash, Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), Unexplained swelling.

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, Seroquel side effects observed in the clinical studies of Seroquel can’t be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The statistics is derived from a clinical trial database for Seroquel consisting of over 4500 patients. This database includes 700 patients exposed to Seroquel for the treatment of bipolar depression, 500 patients exposed to Seroquel for the acute bipolar mania treatment (monotherapy and adjunct therapy), 668 patients exposed to Seroquel for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder as adjunct therapy, and approximately 3000 patients and/or normal subjects exposed to several doses of Seroquel for the schizophrenia treatment.

Seroquel side effects were assessed by collecting adverse events, results of physical examinations, vital signs, weights, laboratory analyses, ECGs, and also results of ophthalmologic examinations. Seroquel side effects during exposure were obtained by general inquiry and were recorded by clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. Consequently, it is not possible to provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing side effects while taking seroquel without first grouping similar types of reactions into a smaller number of standardized reaction categories.

In elderly patients that have lost touch with reality due to dementia (memory loss and confusion), there is a higher risk of death with Seroquel. You Must Know that Seroquel XR is not approved for treating these patients.

Antidepressants have been shown to increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and other dangerous actions in some children, teenagers, and young adults. Patients of all ages starting using Seroquel should be watched closely by family members and caregivers, and any worsening of depression or suicidal thoughts, agitation, or actions, or unusual changes in behavior, and irritability should be immediately reported to their physician. Note, that Seroquel is not approved for patients under the age of 18 years.

The following have been reported with Seroquel and some medicines like it. Tell your doctor if you have any of following side effects while using Seroquel: Excessive thirst or hunger, increased urination or weakness, as these may be signs of high blood sugar or diabetes, High cholesterol or triglycerides, or if you experience weight gain, Very high fever; rigid muscles; sweating; shaking; confusion; changes in heart rate or in pulse, or blood pressure; or muscle pain and weakness as these may be a sign of a rare, but potentially fatal, side effect of Seroquel known as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): Dizziness, Trouble swallowing, Uncontrollable movements of the face.

The most common Seroquel side effects are drowsiness, increases in cholesterol and triglycerides, dry mouth, constipation, upset stomach, a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, dizziness, weight gain, increased hunger, tiredness, difficulty speaking, increases in blood sugar, and stuffy nose. Report your pharmacist if you mention one or more Seroquel side effects, mentioned above.

Nexium (Esomeprazole) belongs to the group of medications known as PPIs (proton pump inhibitors). Proton pump inhibitors are used for treatment of conditions such as stomach ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, reflux esophagitis) by reducing the amount of the amount of acid that your stomach produces. Nexium is also used along with antibiotics to treat stomach ulcers that may be caused by bacteria Helicobacter pylori.

Nexium can also be used to reduce the risk of stomach ulcers caused by medications that irritate the stomach known as NSAIDs. Nexium is also used to treat different conditions associated with the over-production of stomach acid, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

The recommended dose of nexium reflux esophagitis treatment is 40 mg once daily for 4-8 weeks. Treatment may be alsomaintained at a dose of 20 mg once daily.

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To treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn, the recommended does is 20 mg once daily for 2-4 weeks. To treat or to prevent stomach ulcers caused by NSAID use, the dose is 20 mg daily.

For treatment of stomach ulcers that are caused by Helicobacter pylori in adults, the dose of nexium is 20 mg twice daily taken with amoxicillin 1,000 mg twice daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily – all for a week.

For children 1-11 years of age, the recommended dose of nexium to treat GERD is 10 mg to 20 mg (depending on the child’s weight) daily for 2 months.

There is limited experience with use of nexium during pregnancy. This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless you are sure that the benefits outweigh the risks.

This medication has not been studied for the breast-feeding period. If you are a breast-feeding mother and you take nexium, it may affect your child. Talk to your pharmacist about whether you should continue taking nexium.

The safety of Nexium was evaluated in over 15,000 patients (18-84 y.o.) in clinical trials worldwide that included over 8,500 patients in the US and over 6,500 patients in Canada and Europe . Over 300 patients were treated in long-term studies for up to a year. In general, Nexium was well tolerated in both short and long-term clinical trials.

A study was performed evaluating the safety of Nexium in treatment of GERD inchildren at the age 12-17. The safety in the treatment of healing of the erosive esophagitis was assessed in four randomized comparative clinical trials. They included more than one thousand patients taking Nexium 20 mg, more than 2 thousand patients on Nexium 40 mg, and 3 thousand patients on omeprazole 20 mg daily. The most frequent side events (>1%) in all three groups was headache and diarrhea. Abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, flatulence and dry mouth occurred at similar rates among patients taking Nexium or omeprazole.

Additional Nexium side events that were reported as possibly or probably related to Nexium with an incidence < 1% are listed below:

Body as a Whole: allergic reaction, abdomen enlarged, dysphagia, asthenia, back pain, chest pain, , facial edema, peripheral edema, hot flushes, fatigue, fever, flu-like disorder, generalized edema, leg edema, malaise, pain, rigors;

Cardiovascular side effects: flushing, hypertension, tachycardia;

Endocrine side effects: goiter;

Gastrointestinal side effects: bowel irregularity, constipation aggravated, GI hemorrhage, dyspepsia, dysplasia GI, epigastric pain, chest pain, esophageal disorder, frequent stools,gastroenteritis, GI symptoms not otherwise specified, hiccup, melena, mouth disorder, pharynx disorder, rectal disorder, serum gastrin increased, tongue disorders, tongue edema, ulcerative stomatitis, vomiting;

Hearing side effects: earache, tinnitus;

Hematologic side effects: anemia, anemia hypochromic, cervical lymphoadenopathy, leukocytosis, epistaxis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia;

Hepatic side effects: bilirubinemia, hepatic function abnormal, SGOT increased, SGPT increased;

Metabolic/Nutritional side effects: hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, increased alkaline phosphatase, thirst, vitamin B12 deficiency, weight increase, glycosuria, weight decrease;

Musculoskeletal side effects: arthralgia, arthritis aggravated, arthropathy, cramps, fibromyalgia syndrome, hernia, polymyalgia rheumatica;

Nervous System/Psychiatric side effects: anorexia, appetite increased, confusion, depression aggravated, dizziness, vertigo, hypertonia,insomnia, nervousness, impotence, apathy,migraine, migraine aggravated, paresthesia, sleep disorder, somnolence, tremor, hypoesthesia,;

Reproductive side effects: dysmenorrhea, menstrual disorder, vaginitis;

Respiratory side effects: pharyngitis, asthma aggravated, coughing, dyspnea, larynx edema, rhinitis, sinusitis;

Skin and Appendages side effects: acne, angioedema, sweating increased, dermatitis, pruritus, pruritus ani, rash, skin inflammation, rash erythematous, urticaria;

Special Senses side effects: otitis media, parosmia, taste loss, dysuria, taste perversion;

Urogenital side effects: abnormal urine,albuminuria, cystitis, fungal infection, hematuria, moniliasis, genital moniliasis, micturition frequency, polyuria;

Visual side effects: visual field defect, conjunctivitis, vision abnormal.

Endoscopic findings that were reported as side effects include: esophagitis, esophageal stricture, duodenitis, esophageal ulceration, gastric ulcer, gastritis, hernia, esophageal varices, benign polyps or nodules, Barrett's esophagus, and also mucosal discoloration.

The incidence of treatment-related side effects during 6-month maintenance treatment was similar to placebo. There were no real differences in types of related side effects seen during maintenance treatment up to a year compared to short-term treatment.

Nexium Overdose

A single oral dose of Nexium at 500 mg/kg , was lethal to rats. The major signs of acute toxicity were reduced motor activity, changes in respiratory frequency, ataxia, tremor,and also intermittent clonic convulsions.

There have been some reports of overdosage with nexium. Reports have been received of overdosage with omeprazole in humans.

Doses ranged up to 2gm (120 times the usual recommended clinical dose). Manifestations were variable, but they included drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, nausea, diaphoresis, tachycardia, flushing, headache, dry mouth, and other side nexium effects similar to those seen in normal clinical experience. No specific antidote for nexium is known. Since esomeprazole is extensively protein bound, it is not expected to be removed by dialysis. In case of overdosage, treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.

Main facts about Side Effects of Nexium
Nexium has been studied extensively in clinical trials, with over 15,000 people worldwide having been evaluated. And in these studies, the side effects occurred in a group of people taking the medication were documented and then they were compared to the side effects that occurred in the other group of people taking a placebo (that is a “sugar pill” that does not contain any active ingredients). As a result, it was possible to mention what side effects occurred, how often they appeared, and how they compared to the group not taking nexium.

The most common side effects of Nexium, occurring in more than 1 percent of patients, were: Diarrhea, Flatulence, Headache, Constipation, Nausea, Abdominal pain and Dry mouth.

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Prednisone is a corticosteroid medication. In contrast to anabolic steroids (used by “bodybuilders”), corticosteroids are usually used in inflammatory conditions because of their certain anti–inflammatory effects. They have a rapid onset of action, and profoundly causes effect on many parts of the immune system as well as most of other body systems. Corticosteroids are a cornerstone of treating most types of vasculitis, and are usually used in combination with other immunosuppressive medications as well.

Prednisone is a drug that is often prescribed as a treatment for a flare-up of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and also for many other conditions. Prednisone is a steroid that has a considerable number of side effects. It is inexpensive and has proven to be really effective at calming inflammation in many people with IBD.

Side effects of Prednisone are legendary in both the patient and medical communities. Patients usually take this non-synthetic corticosteroid drug orally. However, pharmacists administer prednisone in the form of intramuscular injection as well. Doctors prescribe prednisone for a lot of medical conditions.

Prednisone turns into the steroidal product prednisolone after your liver processes prednisone following administration.

Its usual use is as an immunosuppressant that can act on almost the entire immune system. It makes this very useful in the treatment inflammatory diseases like asthma, or autoimmune diseases, severe poison ivy dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis , ulcerative colitis, and also a Crohn’s disease.

Pharmacists usually prescribe prednisone to treat the symptoms of several kidney diseases such as nephrotic syndrome, and also to avoid and reverse tissue rejection that may follow organ transplantation. Usually the adult dose of prednisone at the beginning of treatment ranges from 20 to 80 milligrams a day. But the dosage for kids may be 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight, with a maximum dose of 50 milligrams.

The prednisone side effects may include adrenal suppression, which can occur with periods of prednisone use up to 7 days. Adrenal suppression refers to the body’s inability to synthesize natural corticosteroids, resulting in a certain dependency on the prednisone taken by the patient. This is why pharmacists don’t recommend the cessation of prednisone when the patient takes it for longer than 6-7 days. They reduce the dose gradually over a few days in the case of short-term of prednisone usage, and over weeks or months during the long-term treatment. If you stop using prednisone abruptly it can cause the life-threatening Addison’s disease, when your body no longer produces sufficient amounts of adrenal steroid hormones.

The short-term side effects of prednisone use may include high blood glucose levels. It may happen most commonly in patients that already have diabetes mellitus or if they use medications that increase their blood glucose. Some other short-term prednisone side effects may include insomnia, euphoria and, in some cases, even mania.

Using prednisone for long periods can cause side effects such as Cushing’s syndrome, osteoporosis, weight gain, glaucoma and type II diabetes mellitus. Upon withdrawal of prednisone after long-term use, some people also suffer from depression. Almost all patients that are on a long-term treatment of prednisone experience a reduction in their sex drive, as well.

Prednisone use can also affect your eyes. The most common side effects while using prednisone are glaucoma and cataract formation. These often occur with topical or intraocular administration of prednisone, but they can also appear with intravenous,oral, or even inhaled administration.

Prednisone use of any period can rise up many other side effects such as blurring of vision, unnatural fatigue or weakness, abdominal pain, pain in the hips or shoulders, peptic ulcers, infections, increase in appetite and hyperactivity, osteoporosis, occurrence of acne and also sleeplessness. Some of the less serious side effects of prednisone may include stretch marks on the skin, weight gain, nervousness, swelling in the face.

For reasons that are not known, high doses of prednisone (greater than 20 milligrams a day) predisposes some patients to joint damage, most often of the hips. Or in osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) of the hip, the part of the leg bone that inserts into the pelvis dies, resulting in pain with weight–bearing and some loss of joint function. A lot of patients with avascular necrosis require joint replacements.

High dosage of prednisone may lead to sleep disorders. Many patients also find that they are more irritable than usual. Steroids sometimes induce depression, which improves when the drug is decreased or discontinued.

Prednisone also causes “thin skin”. Patients on moderate to high doses of prednisone often notice that they bruise easily, even with only slight trauma. Prednisone may cause thinning of the bones. And even in people that are not usually at a risk for osteoporosis (young people and males). In people susceptible to osteoporosis, prednisone may accelerate the process of bone loss.

Fortunately, in the past few years, excellent treatments and preventive measures have become available for different types of osteoporosis. So all patients, taking prednisone for long-time periods are candidates for these medicines.

Weight gain is usually the most dreaded side–effect of steroid use, incurred to some degree by nearly all patients who use them. The amount of weight gain varies from person to person. In addition to causing weight gain, prednisone leads to a redistribution of body fat to places that are undesirable. The common places are the face, back of the neck, and abdomen. Accumulation of fat in the neck area is sometimes referred to as a “buffalo hump”.

Pharmacists treat these prednisone side effects of symptomatically, because it is usually not feasible to stop prednisone administration even if any of severe side effects occur. These are situations where they have to weigh the disadvantages of using a medication against the advantages and make a certain decision. You must remember that when prednisone definitely gives rise to different side effects, it is also a life-saving medication.

Cymbalta (duloxetine) is an antidepressant medication that is also used to treat diabetic neuropathy. It is classed as an SNRI – Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. It is used to treat depressive symptoms that may include pains and aches that can be caused by depression.

Some of the most common side effects of Cymbalta include drowsiness, nausea and dizziness. Usually Cymbalta side effects are minor and are easily treated by you or your pharmacist. However, there are several side effects that you should report to your doctor. They include: suicidal thoughts, a fast heart rate, and hallucinations (they are rare but dangerous). Some of the other rare Cymbalta side effects include high cholesterol, canker sores, and acne.

A certain survey about side effects of Cymbalta has been performed. The clinical trials in which the side effects of a group of people that take the drug were compared to another group that doesn’t take Cymbalta. As a result, it is possible to see the statistics of side effects, how often they appear, and how they compare to the group that didn’t use Cymbalta.

In this survey the most common side effects of Cymbalta were listed:

• Nausea – 30 percent of people
• Drowsiness – 21 percent of patients
• Headaches – 20 percent
• Dry mouth – 18 percent
• Dizziness – 17 percent
• Insomnia – 16 percent
• Constipation – 15 percent
• Fatigue – 15 percent
• Diarrhea – 13 percent
• Loss of appetite – 11 percent
• Sore throat or runny nose – 9 percent
• Weakness – 8 percent
• Sweating – 8 percent
• Vomiting – 8 percent
• A decreased sex drive (libido) – 7 percent
• Upper respiratory tract infection (such as the common cold) – 7 percent
• Coughing -6 percent.

Other common Cymbalta side effects (occurring in 2 to 5 percent of people) included:
Muscle pain,Chills, Anxiety or agitation, Abnormal dreams, Hot flashes, Cough, Gas, Indigestion or heartburn, Vertigo (a spinning sensation), Yawning, Muscle spasms, Frequent urination, Abdominal pain, Taste changes, Blurred vision, Shakiness (tremors), Seasonal allergies, Sexual side effects, including ejaculation problems,erectile dysfunction, a decreased sex drive (libido).

It is possible that you may experience some or none of the side effects listed above. Unfortunately, there is no way for your pharmacist to know in advance if you will have side effects from Cymbalta, if you haven’t ever tried it before. So make sure to let your doctor know if you develop any side effects while taking Cymbalta. Also, let your pharmacist know if you develop something that “just does not seem right.” While it may not be a side effect of Cymbalta, your health care provider will be able to diagnose and treat that kind of problems.

CYMBALTA Withdrawal Symptoms May Include:
blurred vision , aggression, anxiety, balance issues , brain zaps, concentration impairment, constipation, flu-like symptoms, crying spells, stomach cramps, depersonalization, severe internal restlessness (akathasia), diarrhea, dizziness.

Other withdrawal symptoms of Cymbalta may include: electric shock sensations, fatigue, flatulence, hallucinations, hostility, highly emotional, tremors, indigestion, irritability, impaired speech, insomnia, jumpy nerves, nervousness, lack of coordination, vivid dreams, lethargy, migraine headaches or increased headaches, nausea, over-reacting to situations, paranoia, repetitive thoughts or songs, sensory and sleep disturbances, tinnitus (ear ringing or buzzing), tingling sensations, troubling thoughts, visual hallucinations or illusions, speech visual changes, worsened depression

Antidepressants are medicines that are used to treat depression. Your doctor can prescribe them for you. They can improve your sleep, mood, appetite and concentration. It may take several weeks for them to start working. There are several types of antidepressants. You and your doctor may have to try several before finding what will work best for you.

Antidepressants sometimes cause unwanted side effects. For example, when you first start your antidepressant you may feel tired, have trouble sleeping or even feel sick to your stomach. The side effects usually go away in a short period. Tell your doctor if you have any side effects. You should also let your doctor know if you take any other drugs, vitamins or any herbal supplements.

It is important to keep taking your medicines, even after you feel better. Do not stop taking your antidepressants without talking to your pharmacist. You often need to stop antidepressants gradually.

Most typical antidepressants have a delayed action (2–6 weeks) and are usually administered for anywhere from months to years. Antidepressants are often used to treat other conditions, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, eating disorders, and some hormone-mediated disorders as dysmenorrhea. Alone or together with anticonvulsants (e.g., Depakote or Tegretol), antidepressants can be used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse by addressing underlying depression. Also, antidepressants have been used for hypercytorism, with mixed reviews, and are sometimes used to treat migraines or snoring.

Here is a list of different types of antidepressants.

1) TCAs (Tricyclic antidepressants)

Tricyclic antidepressants are the oldest class of antidepressant drugs. Tricyclics block the reuptake of neurotransmitters as serotonin and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Tricyclic antidepressants are used less commonly now due to the development of safer and more selective drugs.

Tricyclic antidepressants include: Secondary Amine Tricyclic Antidepressants as Protriptyline (Vivactil), Desipramine (Norpramin), Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) and Tertiary Amine Tricyclic Antidepressants as Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), Trimipramine (Surmontil), Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) and Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)

Side effects of Tricyclic antidepressants include increased drowsiness, heart rate, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, confusion, dizziness, and sexual dysfunction. Toxicity occurs at approximately ten times normal dosages; !!ATTENTION!! these drugs are often lethal in overdoses, as they lead to a fatal arrhythmia. However, tricyclic antidepressants are still used because of their effectiveness, especially in severe cases of major depression.

2) SSRIs(Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

SSRIs are a family of antidepressants that consider the current standard of drug treatment. This family of drugs includes: Sertraline (Zoloft), Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), Fluvoxamine (Luvox) and Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex).

Within side effects of Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors there should be mentioned: anxiety, drowsiness, dry mouth, decreased appetite, nervousness, insomnia, agitation, headaches and decreased ability to function sexually such as loss of libido, failure to reach orgasm and erectile dysfunction. Though safer than first generation antidepressants, SSRIs may not work on as many patients as previous classes of antidepressants, suggesting the role of norepinephrine in depression is still important. The Food and Drug Administration requires Black Box warnings on all SSRIs, which state that they double suicidal rates (from 2 in 1,000 to 4 in 1,000) in children and adolescents. The increased risk for suicidality and suicidal behaviour among adults under 25 approaches that seen in children and adolescents.

3) SNRIs (Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) are a newer form of antidepressants. They work on both norepinephrine and 5-HT. They are:

Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) and Milnacipram (Ixel).
Theese antidepressants usually have similar side effects to the SSRIs, though there may be a withdrawal syndrome on discontinuation that may necessitate dosage tapering.

4) NaSSAs (Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants)

Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) work to increase norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and serotonin neurotransmission by blocking presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. And at the same time they block certain serotonin receptors. NaSSAs include Mirtazapine (Remeron, Zispin, Avanza) and Mianserin (Tolvon). Side effects of Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants include drowsiness, increased appetite, and weight gain.

5) NRIs (Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitors)

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) act via norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline). NRIs are used because of their positive effect on the concentration and motivation in particular. NRIs include: Mazindol (Sanorex, Mazanor), Viloxazine (Vivalan), Atomoxetine (Strattera) and Reboxetine (Edronax)

6) MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitor)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are usually used when other antidepressant medications are ineffective.
MAOIs include: Phenelzine (Nardil), Tranylcypromine (Parnate), Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl)and Moclobemide (Manerix, Aurorix).

MAOIs are rarely prescribed anymore. The reason is that there are potentially fatal interactions between this class of antidepressants and certain foods (especially those containing tyramine), red wine, as well as certain drugs . However, this does not apply to Emsam, the transdermal patch form of selegiline, which due to its bypassing of the stomach has never been reported to induce such terrible side effects. MAOIs work by blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase which breaks down the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are as effective as tricyclic antidepressants, although they can have a higher incidence of dangerous side effects (as a result of inhibition of cytochrome P450 in the liver). Modern generation of Monoamine oxidase inhibitors has been introduced; moclobemide (Manerix), known as RIMA ( a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A), acts in a selective andmore short-lived manner and does not require a special diet. As one of the side effects is weight gain and could be extreme.

Side effects of MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors): Rare side effects of MAOIs like phenelzine (Nardil) and tranylcypromine (Parnate) include heart attack, hepatitis, stroke, and seizures. Serotonin syndrome is a side effect of MAOIs when combined with other certain drugs.

There are also some other groups of antidepressants: NDRIs (Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors ) such as Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban). SSREs (Selective serotonin reuptake enhancers) such as Tianeptine ( Coaxil, Stablon, Tatinol). Melatonergic agonists such as Agomelatine ( Melitor, Valdoxan, Thymanax).

Some antidepressants were found to work better in some patients when used in combination with another drug. Theese drugs are called “Augmenter drugs” such as Trazodone (Desyrel), Nefazodone (Serzone), Gepirone (Ariza), Buspirone (Buspar), Tandospirone (Sediel).

Lithium is often used in conjunction with other medications, depending on whether mania or depression is being treated. Lithium’s potential side effects include nausea, tremors, thirst, light-headedness and diarrhea. Some of the anticonvulsants, such as lamotrigine (Lamictal),sodium valproate (Epilim) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) are also used as mood stabilizers, particularly in bipolar disorder.

Antipsychotics such as olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal) and quetiapine (Seroquel) are prescribed as mood stabilizers and to treat anxiety. Their use as mood stabilizers is a recent phenomenon, and controversial among some patients. Antipsychotics may also be prescribed to augment an antidepressant, to increase the blood concentration of another drug, or to relieve the psychotic or paranoid symptoms that usually accompany clinical depression. However, they can cause serious side effects, especially if used at high dosages, wich include tardive dyskinesia, restlessness, blurred vision, muscle spasms or weight gain.

Tranquillizers and sedatives, typically the benzodiazepines, are usually prescribed to ease anxiety and to promote sleep. Because of the high risk of dependency, these drugs are intended only for short-term or occasional use. Tranquillizers are often used not for their primary functions, but to decrease side effects. Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel) is designed primarily to treat bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but frequently causes somnolence because of its affinity for histamine (H1 and H2) receptors, exploiting the same side effects as diphenhydramine (Benadryl).

Psychostimulants may be added to an antidepressant regimen if the patient suffers from hypersomnia, anhedonia and/or excessive eating as well as low motivation. These symptoms are common in atypical depression, and can be resolved by adding low to moderate doses of methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamine (Adderall) because these chemicals can enhance motivation and social behavior, and also to suppress appetite and sleep. They can also restore sex drive. Stimulants are known to trigger manic episodes in people suffering from bipolar disorder. Close supervision is urged of those with substance abuse disorders.

Online Canadian pharmacies are pharmacies which operate over the Internet. Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to community pharmacies; the main difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received. And the price, it appears to be much cheaper to but medications online. Some customers consider this to be more convenient than traveling to a community drugstore.

Group busing programs to help patients purchase Canadian prescription drugs, like the one sponsored by the city of Warren, Michigan, are an indication that the high cost of prescription drugs in the U.S. is forcing local governments to get involved with citizens in ways that are far beyond usual government roles.

Across the United States, other local and state governments are getting involved in the push to provide patients with the option to purchase lower priced Canadian prescription drugs.

Prescription drugs are more expensive in the United States than anywhere else in the world.

The U.S. is the only industrialized nation that doesn’t enforce price controls to keep prescription drug costs down. U.S. drug companies have fought against limiting drug prices, or allowing the importation of price-controlled medications from other countries, because it could deprive the pharmaceutical industry of billions of dollars in profit. Some people just don’t want to waste so much money for drugs, when they can find opportunities to buy cheaper ones.

You may choose to purchase Canadian prescription drugs by traveling to a Canadian pharmacy on your own/ In this case you should know:

1) The drugs you purchase may or may not be approved by the FDA, which is a U.S. regulatory agency. Canadian pharmacies sell drugs approved by Health Canada, which has standards that are similar to those of the FDA, so you can be reasonably assured of safety.
2) While importing Canadian drugs is against U.S. policy, the FDA has said that it will not prosecute individuals who import small (3 months or less) amounts for personal use.
3) The Canadian pharmacy may be overwhelmed by U.S. customers, so don’t forget to check your medication, dosage and instructions carefully before you go back home.
4) You may receive a generic substitute.

If you choose to purchase drugs in Canadian pharmacy online, you run a risk that the drugs may not be approved by Health Canada. But you may dramatically lower your costs, in case the offline pharmacy has to pay much more taxes, wages to the stuff, to rent (or to own) several buildings and other extra payments.

While many online pharmacies sell prescription drugs with a prescription only, some do not require a prescription. In some countries, this is because prescriptions are not required. Some customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the inconvenience of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors just don’t want to prescribe. It may happen because some pharmacists and interested in prescribing more expensive medications…

People in the US may turn to online pharmacies because medical care and prescription medications can be prohibitively expensive. Many of these websites employ their own in house physicians to review the medication request and write a prescription accordingly. Some websites offer medications without a prescription or a doctor review.

In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and some European countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. To save money, millions of uninsured and underinsured U.S. consumers purchase drugs from online pharmacies in Canada, India, the UK and other countries and then get their medications by mail. Especially for uninsured Americans taking prescription drugs for chronic health conditions, a major attraction of online pharmacies abroad is that nearly every country, except the U.S., controls its drug prices. Customers can easily obtain from 40 to 90 percent savings at foreign pharmacies, in comparison to US prices.

Until about 2005, American consumers looking abroad most commonly turned to Canadian pharmacies for affordable medications. Today, many consumers head to online pharmacies in India, South Africa and other countries where drug prices are even lower than in Canada. But canadian pharmacies seem more reliable because of similarity of laws in US and Canada.

Most US consumers and some legislators favor accessing foreign-made prescription drugs to lower Americans’ health costs. This may ruin pharmaceutical corporations’ business, but according to a Wall Street Journal/Harris Online poll in 2006, more than 80 percent of Americans prefer importing drugs from Canada and other countries. President Obama’s budget supports a plan allowing people to buy cheaper drugs from other countries.

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Lasix (furosemide) is a potent diuretic which, if overdosed, can lead to a profound diuresis with electrolyte and water depletion. So, careful medical supervision is strictly required and dose must be adjusted to the individual patient’s needs.

Lasix is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much of salt, allowing the it to be passed in your urine. Most of the sodium, chloride and water that is being filtered out of the blood is reabsorbed into the blood before the filtered fluid becomes urine and eliminated from the body when you use Lasix. Furosemide works by blocking the absorption of chloride, sodium, and water from the filtered fluid in the kidney tubules, causing an increase in the output of urine (diuresis). The onset of action after injection is about five minutes and the duration of diuresis is around two hours. The diuretic effect of lasix (furosemide) can cause depletion of chloride, sodium, body water and some other minerals. Thats why, careful medical supervision is necessary during treatment.

If you are about to buy Lasix, we recommend you to order it in Confident pharmacy. You’ll get qualitative medication and you will save money…

Lasix treats fluid retention (edema) in people with liver or lidney disease, congestive heart failure. This medication is also used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).

Administration of lasix (furosemide) with aminoglycoside antibiotics (such as, gentamicin) or (ethacrynic acid (that is Edecrin) – another diuretic] may cause severe hearing damage. Lasix competes with aspirin for elimination in the urine by your kidneys.

Concomitant use of furosemide (lasix) and aspirin may, therefore, lead to high levels of aspirin in your blood and aspirin toxicity. Lasix also may reduce excretion of lithium (Lithobid, Eskalith) by your kidneys, causing increased blood levels of lithium and possible side effects from it. Sucralfate (Carafate) reduces the action of furosemide by binding lasix in the intestine and preventing its absorption into the body. You must know, that ingestion of cralfate and furosemide should be separated by at least two hours.

Common side effects of lasix include , dehydration and electrolyte depletion (for example, potassium, sodium), low blood pressure. Less common side effects include ringing in the ears (tinnitus), jaundice, sensitivity to light (photophobia), diarrhea, rash, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, nausea, and dizziness. Increased blood sugar and uric acid levels also may occur.

Lasix is a very potent medication. Using too much of this drug can lead to severe mineral and water loss. Therefore, it is important that you are closely monitored by your pharmacist. Tell your doctor immediately if you become very thirsty or confused, or develop muscle weakness/cramps while taking Lasix.

Take lasix by mouth with or without food, usually once or twice daily, or as directed by your pharmacist. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. You should not use lasix in children with doses greater than 6 mg per kilogram of body weight. It is best to take lasix early in the day, before 4-6PM, to prevent having to wake up during night time to urinate. Consult your doctor if you have questions about your dosing schedule. Use this lasix regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Remember to use it at the same time(s) of the day as directed. It is important to keep taking lasix even if you feel well. Most people with high blood pressure do not feel sick. You should not stop taking lasix without consulting your doctor.

Do not use Lasix if you are, for some reasons, unable to urinate.

You must tell you doctor, if you have liver or kidney disease, allergy to sulfa drugs, lupus, gout or diabetes before using lasix.

Your kidney or liver function may need to be tested to be sure Lasix is not causing harmful effects.Your blood also will need to be tested on a regular basis.

Follow your doctor’s instructions about using potassium supplements or getting enough potassium and salt in your diet, because Lasix will make you urinate more often and you may get dehydrated easily.

Avoid becoming dehydrated. Follow your pharmacist’s instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink while you are taking lasix.
In case high blood pressure often has no symptoms, you should keep taking Lasix even if you feel fine when you are being treated for high blood pressure.

If you are about to buy Lasix, we recommend you to order it in Confident pharmacy. You’ll get qualitative medication and you will save money…

Synthroid is a synthetic form of thyroxine (thyroid hormone).

Synthroid (Levothyroxine) is used for treating several conditions, including an underactive thyroid and certain types of thyroid cancer. Synthroid works to boost the body’s thyroid hormone levels. Sometimes Synthroid is also used to treat depression in conjunction with other antidepressant drugs.

If you are about to buy Synthroid, we recommend you to order it in Confident pharmacy. You’ll get qualitative medication and you will save money…

Synthroid is usually well tolerated. Side effects of synthroid associated with levothyroxine therapy typically resulted from overdosage. They can include weight lossr increased appetite, hyperthyroidism, anxiety, heat intolerance and insomnia.

These side effects may appear even in several weeks after therapy initiation or dosage increases.

Although there are no common side effects of Synthroid, you should seek medical hel[ right away if any of these severe side effects occur when you use Synthroid:

Vomiting; Severe allergic reactions (hives; rash;flushing; itching; difficulty breathing;tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, lips, face, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); changes in menstrual periods; fever; chest pain; excessive sweating; stomach cramps; fast or irregular heartbeat; joint pain; leg cramps; mental or mood changes (eg, anxiety, irritability, nervousness); muscle weakness; seizures; severe or persistent headache or fatigue; shortness of breath; tremors; wheezing.

You may experience some or none of the side effects of Synthroid listed in this article. Unfortunately, there is no way for your pharmacist to know in advance if you will have side effects from any medicine that you have never tried. Therefore, make sure to let your healthcare provider know if you develop any side effects while start taking Synthroid. Also, let your doctor know if you develop something that “just does not seem right.” While the issue may not be due to a side effect, your pharmacist will be able to diagnose and to treat the problem.

If you are about to buy Synthroid, we recommend you to order it in Confident pharmacy. You’ll get qualitative medication and you will save money…

Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections. If used properly, antibiotics really can save lives. They keep bacteria from reproducing or just kill bacteria.

In modern medicine antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medications. Antibiotics cure disease by killing or injuring bacteria. The first invented antibiotic was penicillin, discovered accidentally from a mold culture.

For now, there are over 100 different antibiotics that are available to doctors to cure minor discomforts as well as dangerouse life-threatening infections.

You must know, that antibiotics do not fight infections caused by viruses, such as: influencia, colds, most coughs and bronchitis, sore throats, unless caused by strep.

If a virus is the reason of your sickness, taking antibiotics may do much more harm than good. Each time you take antibiotics, you increase the chances that bacteria in your body will be able to resist them. Later, you could get or spread an infection that those antibiotics just cannot cure.

When you take antibiotics, follow the directions carefully. It is important to finish your medicine even if you feel better. Do not save antibiotics for later or use someone else’s prescription.

Although antibiotics are useful in a wide variety of infections, it is important to realize that antibiotics only treat bacterial infections.

Although there are a number of different types of antibiotic they all work in one of two ways:

A) A bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria. Penicillin is a bactericidal. A bactericidal usually either interferes with the formation of the bacterium’s cell wall or its cell contents.

B) Antibiotics stop bacteria from multiplying.

Although there are well over 100 antibiotics, the majority come from only a few types of drugs. These are the main seven classes of antibiotics.
1)Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin (Garamycin) and tobramycin (Tobrex)
2)Sulfonamides such as co-trimoxazole (Bactrim) and trimethoprim (Proloprim)
3)Macrolides such as erythromycin (E-Mycin), clarithromycin (Biaxin), and azithromycin (Zithromax)
4)Penicillins such as penicillin and amoxicillin
5)Tetracyclines such as tetracycline (Sumycin, Panmycin) and doxycycline (Vibramycin)
6)Cephalosporins such as cephalexin (Keflex)
7)Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), and ofloxacin (Floxin)

Antibiotics Side Effects

Although antibiotics are generally considered pretty safe and well tolerated, they have been associated with a wide range of side effects.
Side effects are varied and can be very serious depending on the antibiotics used and the microbial organisms they are targeted at. The safety profiles of newer medications may not be as well established as those that have been in use for a long time. Adverse effects can range from fever and nausea to serious allergic reactions including photodermatitis. One of the more common side effects is diarrhea, which results from the antibiotic disrupting the normal balance of the intestinal flora. Other side effects can result from interaction with any other drugs.

Some of the more common side effects of antibiotics may include: Mild stomach upset, vomiting, severe watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps, vaginal itching or discharge, Soft stools or diarrhea, white patches on your tongue or allergic reaction (hives, shortness of breath, swelling of your lips, face, or tongue, fainting)

Also, you should know, that alcohol can interfere with the activity or metabolization of antibiotics. It may affect the activity of your liver enzymes, which can break down the antibiotics. Moreover, certain antibiotics, including metronidazole, ketoconazole, tinidazole, cephamandole, cefmenoxime, latamoxef, cefoperazone, and furazolidone, chemically react with alcohol. That may lead to serious side effects of antibiotics, which include severe nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath. Alcohol consumption while taking such antibiotics is therefore strictly not recommended.

Additionally, serum levels of erythromycin succinate or doxycycline may, in some circumstances, be significantly reduced by alcohol consumption.